Data Types

C supports a fairly small set of basic data types

`char`	single byte.
`int`	an integer (normally 2 chars)
`float`	single precision floating point (normally 4 chars)
`double`	double precision floating point (normally 8 chars)

short and long can be applied to integers to more explicitly specify the type.
- short int foo;
- long int bar;
- The keyword int can be removed in these declarations.
signed and unsigned can also be applied to integers.
long double specifies extended precision floating point.